Sexist drafting and translation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU
Keywords:
Sexist drafting, translation, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EUAbstract
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (adopted in 2000 and legally binding since 2009) was the object of criticism during its process of drafting, among other issues, on gender grounds for the use of sexist language, the lack of gender mainstreaming, and not having a clearer stance on the support of equality between women and men.
This article lists the main amendments that were submitted in this respect. The final version of the Charter was modified to eliminate sexist language in the original English text but not in other language versions, as we will see in the analysis.
Based on the European Institute for Gender Equality’s definition of non-sexist use of language as the avoidance of ambiguous masculine gender, we will highlight the appearance of so-called generic masculine in the Charter’s versions in English, Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese.
Finally, a proposal of non-sexist Spanish translation is included with the hope to demonstrate the functional adequacy, simplicity and need to implement non-sexist translation and drafting of an EU text.
Downloads
References
Amnesty International Spain. (2017). Iceberg de la violencia de género. <https://twitter.com/amnistiaespana/status/93408420063810
?lang=es> [4/2/2022].
Bengoechea Bartolomé, Mercedes. (2006). Nombra.en.red. In Ana Méndez Miras & Itxaso Sasiain Villanueva (eds.). En femenino y en masculino (p. 11). Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer. <https://www.inmujeres.gob.es/areasTematicas/educacion/publicaciones/serie
Lenguaje/docs/Nombra_en_red.pdf> [4/2/2022].
Castro Vázquez, Olga & Charlotte Melly (tr.). (2010). Non-sexist translation and/in social change: gender issues in translation. In Julie Boéri & Carol Maier (eds.). Compromiso social y traducción / interpretación (pp. 106-120). Granada: Ecos. https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/15885/1/OlgaCastro2010_TI%26SocialActivism_NonSexistTranslation.pdf [4/2/2022].
COE. (1985). Recommendation no. R (85) 2 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on legal protection against sex discrimination. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
COE. (1990). Recommendation no. R (90) 4 of the Committee of ministers to member states on the elimination of sexism from language. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. <https://rm.coe.int/1680505480> [4/2/2022].
COE. (2003). Balanced participation of women and men in political and public decision-making. Recommendation Rec (2003) 3 of the Committee of Ministers and explanatory memorandum. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. <https://rm.coe.int/1680519084> [4/2/2022].
COE. (2020). Sexism. See it. Name it. Stop it. Human rights channel. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. <https://human-rights-channel.coe.int/stop-sexism-en.html> [4/2/2022].
Coghlan, Niall & Marc Steiert (eds.). (2020). The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: the 'travaux préparatoires' and selected documents. Florence: European University Institute. <https://hdl.handle.net/1814/68959> [4/2/2022].
Deloche-Gaudez, Florence. (2001). The Convention on a Charter of Fundamental Rights: A method for the future? Paris: Institut Delors. <https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/etud15-en.pdf> [4/2/2022].
EIGE. (2022). Glossary & thesaurus. Vilnius: European Institute for Gender Equality. <https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus/overview> [4/2/2022].
EU. (2012a). Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la UE. Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea 26.10.2012 C326, 391-407. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016P/TXT&from=ES> [4/2/2022].
EU. (2012b). Carta dos direitos fundamentais da União Europeia. Jornal Oficial da União Europeia 26.10.2012 C326, 391-407. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016P/TXT&from=ES> [4/2/2022].
EU. (2012c). Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell'Unione Europea. Gazzetta ufficiale dell’Unione europea 26.10.2012 C326, 391-407. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016P/TXT&from=ES> [4/2/2022].
EU. (2012d). Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union 26.10.2012 C326, 391-407. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016P/TXT&from=ES> [4/2/2022].
EU. (2012e). Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union Européenne. Journal officiel de l’Union européenne 26.10.2012 C326, 391-407. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12016P/TXT&from=ES> [4/2/2022].
European Commission. (2010). Communication from the Commission. A Strengthened Commitment to Equality between Women and Men. A Women’s Charter. <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A52010DC0078> [4/2/2022].
EWL. (2000a). To the attention of the Members of the Convention responsible for drawing up a draft charter of Fundamental Rights for the European Union. Brussels: European Women’s Lobby. <https://www.womenlobby.org/?lang=en> [4/2/2022].
EWL. (2000b). Women excluded from the EU Charter. Brussels: European Women’s Lobby. <http://www.sos-sexisme.org/English/charte.htm> [4/2/2022].
Guerrina, Roberta. (2003). Gender, Mainstreaming and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Policy and Society, 22(1), 97-115. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(03)70015-0> [4/2/2022].
HCE. (2018). Pour une Constitution garante de l’égalité femmes-hommes. Avis relatif à la révision constitutionnelle. Paris: Haute Conseil à l’Egalité entre les femmes et les hommes. <https://www.haut-conseil-egalite.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/hce_rapport_constitution-garante-v4.pdf> [4/2/2022].
Hodel, Lea; Magdalena Formanowicz; Sabine Sczesny; Jana Valdrová & Lisa von Stockhausen. (2017). Gender-fair language in job advertisements: A cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(3), 384-401.
Koskinen, Kaisa. (2008). Translating institutions: An ethnographic study of EU translation. Manchester: St. Jerome.
LinkedIn. (2019). Language matters: how words impact men and women in the workplace. Sunnyvale: LinkedIn. <https://business.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/business/en-us/talent-solutions-lodestone/body/pdf/Linkedin-Language-Matters-Report-FINAL2.pdf > [4/2/2022].
Muir, Elise. (2019). The essence of the fundamental right to equal treatment: Back to the origins. German Law Journal, 20, 817-839. <https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A16AC8041343D0233E5E11445A771441/S2071
a.pdf/essence_of_the_fundamental_right_to_equal_treatment_back_to_the_origins.pdf> [4/2/2022].
UN. (2019). Guidelines for gender-inclusive language in English. New York: United Nations. <https://www.un.org/en/gender-inclusive-language/guidelines.shtml> [4/2/2022].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Revista de Lenguas para fines específicos is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional License.